<?php
/**
 * Tax calculation and rate finding class.
 *
 * @package WooCommerce/Classes
 */

defined( 'ABSPATH' ) || exit;

/**
 * Performs tax calculations and loads tax rates
 *
 * @class WC_Tax
 */
class WC_Tax {

	/**
	 * Precision.
	 *
	 * @var int
	 */
	public static $precision;

	/**
	 * Round at subtotal.
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	public static $round_at_subtotal = false;

	/**
	 * Load options.
	 */
	public static function init() {
		self::$precision         = wc_get_rounding_precision();
		self::$round_at_subtotal = 'yes' === get_option( 'woocommerce_tax_round_at_subtotal' );
		add_action( 'update_option_woocommerce_tax_classes', array( __CLASS__, 'maybe_remove_tax_class_rates' ), 10, 2 );
	}

	/**
	 * When the woocommerce_tax_classes option is changed, remove any orphan rates.
	 *
	 * @param  string $old_value Old rates value.
	 * @param  string $value New rates value.
	 */
	public static function maybe_remove_tax_class_rates( $old_value, $value ) {
		$old     = array_filter( array_map( 'trim', explode( "\n", $old_value ) ) );
		$new     = array_filter( array_map( 'trim', explode( "\n", $value ) ) );
		$removed = array_filter( array_map( 'sanitize_title', array_diff( $old, $new ) ) );

		if ( $removed ) {
			global $wpdb;

			foreach ( $removed as $removed_tax_class ) {
				$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates WHERE tax_rate_class = %s;", $removed_tax_class ) );
				$wpdb->query( "DELETE locations FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations locations LEFT JOIN {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates rates ON rates.tax_rate_id = locations.tax_rate_id WHERE rates.tax_rate_id IS NULL;" );
			}

			WC_Cache_Helper::incr_cache_prefix( 'taxes' );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Calculate tax for a line.
	 *
	 * @param  float   $price              Price to calc tax on.
	 * @param  array   $rates              Rates to apply.
	 * @param  boolean $price_includes_tax Whether the passed price has taxes included.
	 * @param  boolean $deprecated         Whether to suppress any rounding from taking place. No longer used here.
	 * @return array                       Array of rates + prices after tax.
	 */
	public static function calc_tax( $price, $rates, $price_includes_tax = false, $deprecated = false ) {
		if ( $price_includes_tax ) {
			$taxes = self::calc_inclusive_tax( $price, $rates );
		} else {
			$taxes = self::calc_exclusive_tax( $price, $rates );
		}
		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_calc_tax', $taxes, $price, $rates, $price_includes_tax, $deprecated );
	}

	/**
	 * Calculate the shipping tax using a passed array of rates.
	 *
	 * @param float $price Shipping cost.
	 * @param array $rates Taxation Rate.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function calc_shipping_tax( $price, $rates ) {
		$taxes = self::calc_exclusive_tax( $price, $rates );
		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_calc_shipping_tax', $taxes, $price, $rates );
	}

	/**
	 * Round to precision.
	 *
	 * Filter example: to return rounding to .5 cents you'd use:
	 *
	 * function euro_5cent_rounding( $in ) {
	 *      return round( $in / 5, 2 ) * 5;
	 * }
	 * add_filter( 'woocommerce_tax_round', 'euro_5cent_rounding' );
	 *
	 * @param float|int $in Value to round.
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function round( $in ) {
		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_tax_round', round( $in, wc_get_rounding_precision() ), $in );
	}

	/**
	 * Calc tax from inclusive price.
	 *
	 * @param  float $price Price to calculate tax for.
	 * @param  array $rates Array of tax rates.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function calc_inclusive_tax( $price, $rates ) {
		$taxes          = array();
		$compound_rates = array();
		$regular_rates  = array();

		// Index array so taxes are output in correct order and see what compound/regular rates we have to calculate.
		foreach ( $rates as $key => $rate ) {
			$taxes[ $key ] = 0;

			if ( 'yes' === $rate['compound'] ) {
				$compound_rates[ $key ] = $rate['rate'];
			} else {
				$regular_rates[ $key ] = $rate['rate'];
			}
		}

		$compound_rates = array_reverse( $compound_rates, true ); // Working backwards.

		$non_compound_price = $price;

		foreach ( $compound_rates as $key => $compound_rate ) {
			$tax_amount         = apply_filters( 'woocommerce_price_inc_tax_amount', $non_compound_price - ( $non_compound_price / ( 1 + ( $compound_rate / 100 ) ) ), $key, $rates[ $key ], $price );
			$taxes[ $key ]     += $tax_amount;
			$non_compound_price = $non_compound_price - $tax_amount;
		}

		// Regular taxes.
		$regular_tax_rate = 1 + ( array_sum( $regular_rates ) / 100 );

		foreach ( $regular_rates as $key => $regular_rate ) {
			$the_rate       = ( $regular_rate / 100 ) / $regular_tax_rate;
			$net_price      = $price - ( $the_rate * $non_compound_price );
			$tax_amount     = apply_filters( 'woocommerce_price_inc_tax_amount', $price - $net_price, $key, $rates[ $key ], $price );
			$taxes[ $key ] += $tax_amount;
		}

		/**
		 * Round all taxes to precision (4DP) before passing them back. Note, this is not the same rounding
		 * as in the cart calculation class which, depending on settings, will round to 2DP when calculating
		 * final totals. Also unlike that class, this rounds .5 up for all cases.
		 */
		$taxes = array_map( array( __CLASS__, 'round' ), $taxes );

		return $taxes;
	}

	/**
	 * Calc tax from exclusive price.
	 *
	 * @param  float $price Price to calculate tax for.
	 * @param  array $rates Array of tax rates.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function calc_exclusive_tax( $price, $rates ) {
		$taxes = array();

		if ( ! empty( $rates ) ) {
			foreach ( $rates as $key => $rate ) {
				if ( 'yes' === $rate['compound'] ) {
					continue;
				}

				$tax_amount = $price * ( $rate['rate'] / 100 );
				$tax_amount = apply_filters( 'woocommerce_price_ex_tax_amount', $tax_amount, $key, $rate, $price ); // ADVANCED: Allow third parties to modify this rate.

				if ( ! isset( $taxes[ $key ] ) ) {
					$taxes[ $key ] = $tax_amount;
				} else {
					$taxes[ $key ] += $tax_amount;
				}
			}

			$pre_compound_total = array_sum( $taxes );

			// Compound taxes.
			foreach ( $rates as $key => $rate ) {
				if ( 'no' === $rate['compound'] ) {
					continue;
				}
				$the_price_inc_tax = $price + ( $pre_compound_total );
				$tax_amount        = $the_price_inc_tax * ( $rate['rate'] / 100 );
				$tax_amount        = apply_filters( 'woocommerce_price_ex_tax_amount', $tax_amount, $key, $rate, $price, $the_price_inc_tax, $pre_compound_total ); // ADVANCED: Allow third parties to modify this rate.

				if ( ! isset( $taxes[ $key ] ) ) {
					$taxes[ $key ] = $tax_amount;
				} else {
					$taxes[ $key ] += $tax_amount;
				}

				$pre_compound_total = array_sum( $taxes );
			}
		}

		/**
		 * Round all taxes to precision (4DP) before passing them back. Note, this is not the same rounding
		 * as in the cart calculation class which, depending on settings, will round to 2DP when calculating
		 * final totals. Also unlike that class, this rounds .5 up for all cases.
		 */
		$taxes = array_map( array( __CLASS__, 'round' ), $taxes );

		return $taxes;
	}

	/**
	 * Searches for all matching country/state/postcode tax rates.
	 *
	 * @param array $args Args that determine the rate to find.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function find_rates( $args = array() ) {
		$args = wp_parse_args(
			$args,
			array(
				'country'   => '',
				'state'     => '',
				'city'      => '',
				'postcode'  => '',
				'tax_class' => '',
			)
		);

		$country   = $args['country'];
		$state     = $args['state'];
		$city      = $args['city'];
		$postcode  = wc_normalize_postcode( wc_clean( $args['postcode'] ) );
		$tax_class = $args['tax_class'];

		if ( ! $country ) {
			return array();
		}

		$cache_key         = WC_Cache_Helper::get_cache_prefix( 'taxes' ) . 'wc_tax_rates_' . md5( sprintf( '%s+%s+%s+%s+%s', $country, $state, $city, $postcode, $tax_class ) );
		$matched_tax_rates = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'taxes' );

		if ( false === $matched_tax_rates ) {
			$matched_tax_rates = self::get_matched_tax_rates( $country, $state, $postcode, $city, $tax_class );
			wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $matched_tax_rates, 'taxes' );
		}

		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_find_rates', $matched_tax_rates, $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Searches for all matching country/state/postcode tax rates.
	 *
	 * @param array $args Args that determine the rate to find.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function find_shipping_rates( $args = array() ) {
		$rates          = self::find_rates( $args );
		$shipping_rates = array();

		if ( is_array( $rates ) ) {
			foreach ( $rates as $key => $rate ) {
				if ( 'yes' === $rate['shipping'] ) {
					$shipping_rates[ $key ] = $rate;
				}
			}
		}

		return $shipping_rates;
	}

	/**
	 * Does the sort comparison. Compares (in this order):
	 * - Priority
	 * - Country
	 * - State
	 * - Number of postcodes
	 * - Number of cities
	 * - ID
	 *
	 * @param object $rate1 First rate to compare.
	 * @param object $rate2 Second rate to compare.
	 * @return int
	 */
	private static function sort_rates_callback( $rate1, $rate2 ) {
		if ( $rate1->tax_rate_priority !== $rate2->tax_rate_priority ) {
			return $rate1->tax_rate_priority < $rate2->tax_rate_priority ? -1 : 1; // ASC.
		}

		if ( $rate1->tax_rate_country !== $rate2->tax_rate_country ) {
			if ( '' === $rate1->tax_rate_country ) {
				return 1;
			}
			if ( '' === $rate2->tax_rate_country ) {
				return -1;
			}
			return strcmp( $rate1->tax_rate_country, $rate2->tax_rate_country ) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
		}

		if ( $rate1->tax_rate_state !== $rate2->tax_rate_state ) {
			if ( '' === $rate1->tax_rate_state ) {
				return 1;
			}
			if ( '' === $rate2->tax_rate_state ) {
				return -1;
			}
			return strcmp( $rate1->tax_rate_state, $rate2->tax_rate_state ) > 0 ? 1 : -1;
		}

		if ( isset( $rate1->postcode_count, $rate2->postcode_count ) && $rate1->postcode_count !== $rate2->postcode_count ) {
			return $rate1->postcode_count < $rate2->postcode_count ? 1 : -1;
		}

		if ( isset( $rate1->city_count, $rate2->city_count ) && $rate1->city_count !== $rate2->city_count ) {
			return $rate1->city_count < $rate2->city_count ? 1 : -1;
		}

		return $rate1->tax_rate_id < $rate2->tax_rate_id ? -1 : 1;
	}

	/**
	 * Logical sort order for tax rates based on the following in order of priority.
	 *
	 * @param  array $rates Rates to be sorted.
	 * @return array
	 */
	private static function sort_rates( $rates ) {
		uasort( $rates, __CLASS__ . '::sort_rates_callback' );
		$i = 0;
		foreach ( $rates as $key => $rate ) {
			$rates[ $key ]->tax_rate_order = $i++;
		}
		return $rates;
	}

	/**
	 * Loop through a set of tax rates and get the matching rates (1 per priority).
	 *
	 * @param  string $country Country code to match against.
	 * @param  string $state State code to match against.
	 * @param  string $postcode Postcode to match against.
	 * @param  string $city City to match against.
	 * @param  string $tax_class Tax class to match against.
	 * @return array
	 */
	private static function get_matched_tax_rates( $country, $state, $postcode, $city, $tax_class ) {
		global $wpdb;

		// Query criteria - these will be ANDed.
		$criteria   = array();
		$criteria[] = $wpdb->prepare( "tax_rate_country IN ( %s, '' )", strtoupper( $country ) );
		$criteria[] = $wpdb->prepare( "tax_rate_state IN ( %s, '' )", strtoupper( $state ) );
		$criteria[] = $wpdb->prepare( 'tax_rate_class = %s', sanitize_title( $tax_class ) );

		// Pre-query postcode ranges for PHP based matching.
		$postcode_search = wc_get_wildcard_postcodes( $postcode, $country );
		$postcode_ranges = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT tax_rate_id, location_code FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations WHERE location_type = 'postcode' AND location_code LIKE '%...%';" );

		if ( $postcode_ranges ) {
			$matches = wc_postcode_location_matcher( $postcode, $postcode_ranges, 'tax_rate_id', 'location_code', $country );
			if ( ! empty( $matches ) ) {
				foreach ( $matches as $matched_postcodes ) {
					$postcode_search = array_merge( $postcode_search, $matched_postcodes );
				}
			}
		}

		$postcode_search = array_unique( $postcode_search );

		/**
		 * Location matching criteria - ORed
		 * Needs to match:
		 * - rates with no postcodes and cities
		 * - rates with a matching postcode and city
		 * - rates with matching postcode, no city
		 * - rates with matching city, no postcode
		 */
		$locations_criteria   = array();
		$locations_criteria[] = 'locations.location_type IS NULL';
		$locations_criteria[] = "
			locations.location_type = 'postcode' AND locations.location_code IN ('" . implode( "','", array_map( 'esc_sql', $postcode_search ) ) . "')
			AND (
				( locations2.location_type = 'city' AND locations2.location_code = '" . esc_sql( strtoupper( $city ) ) . "' )
				OR NOT EXISTS (
					SELECT sub.tax_rate_id FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations as sub
					WHERE sub.location_type = 'city'
					AND sub.tax_rate_id = tax_rates.tax_rate_id
				)
			)
		";
		$locations_criteria[] = "
			locations.location_type = 'city' AND locations.location_code = '" . esc_sql( strtoupper( $city ) ) . "'
			AND NOT EXISTS (
				SELECT sub.tax_rate_id FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations as sub
				WHERE sub.location_type = 'postcode'
				AND sub.tax_rate_id = tax_rates.tax_rate_id
			)
		";

		$criteria[] = '( ( ' . implode( ' ) OR ( ', $locations_criteria ) . ' ) )';

		$criteria_string = implode( ' AND ', $criteria );

		// phpcs:disable WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
		$found_rates = $wpdb->get_results(
			"
			SELECT tax_rates.*, COUNT( locations.location_id ) as postcode_count, COUNT( locations2.location_id ) as city_count
			FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates as tax_rates
			LEFT OUTER JOIN {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations as locations ON tax_rates.tax_rate_id = locations.tax_rate_id
			LEFT OUTER JOIN {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations as locations2 ON tax_rates.tax_rate_id = locations2.tax_rate_id
			WHERE 1=1 AND {$criteria_string}
			GROUP BY tax_rates.tax_rate_id
			ORDER BY tax_rates.tax_rate_priority
			"
		);
		// phpcs:enable

		$found_rates       = self::sort_rates( $found_rates );
		$matched_tax_rates = array();
		$found_priority    = array();

		foreach ( $found_rates as $found_rate ) {
			if ( in_array( $found_rate->tax_rate_priority, $found_priority, true ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$matched_tax_rates[ $found_rate->tax_rate_id ] = array(
				'rate'     => (float) $found_rate->tax_rate,
				'label'    => $found_rate->tax_rate_name,
				'shipping' => $found_rate->tax_rate_shipping ? 'yes' : 'no',
				'compound' => $found_rate->tax_rate_compound ? 'yes' : 'no',
			);

			$found_priority[] = $found_rate->tax_rate_priority;
		}

		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_matched_tax_rates', $matched_tax_rates, $country, $state, $postcode, $city, $tax_class );
	}

	/**
	 * Get the customer tax location based on their status and the current page.
	 *
	 * Used by get_rates(), get_shipping_rates().
	 *
	 * @param  string $tax_class string Optional, passed to the filter for advanced tax setups.
	 * @param  object $customer Override the customer object to get their location.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function get_tax_location( $tax_class = '', $customer = null ) {
		$location = array();

		if ( is_null( $customer ) && WC()->customer ) {
			$customer = WC()->customer;
		}

		if ( ! empty( $customer ) ) {
			$location = $customer->get_taxable_address();
		} elseif ( wc_prices_include_tax() || 'base' === get_option( 'woocommerce_default_customer_address' ) || 'base' === get_option( 'woocommerce_tax_based_on' ) ) {
			$location = array(
				WC()->countries->get_base_country(),
				WC()->countries->get_base_state(),
				WC()->countries->get_base_postcode(),
				WC()->countries->get_base_city(),
			);
		}

		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_get_tax_location', $location, $tax_class, $customer );
	}

	/**
	 * Get's an array of matching rates for a tax class.
	 *
	 * @param string $tax_class Tax class to get rates for.
	 * @param object $customer Override the customer object to get their location.
	 * @return  array
	 */
	public static function get_rates( $tax_class = '', $customer = null ) {
		$tax_class         = sanitize_title( $tax_class );
		$location          = self::get_tax_location( $tax_class, $customer );
		$matched_tax_rates = array();

		if ( count( $location ) === 4 ) {
			list( $country, $state, $postcode, $city ) = $location;

			$matched_tax_rates = self::find_rates(
				array(
					'country'   => $country,
					'state'     => $state,
					'postcode'  => $postcode,
					'city'      => $city,
					'tax_class' => $tax_class,
				)
			);
		}

		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_matched_rates', $matched_tax_rates, $tax_class );
	}

	/**
	 * Get's an array of matching rates for the shop's base country.
	 *
	 * @param string $tax_class Tax Class.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function get_base_tax_rates( $tax_class = '' ) {
		return apply_filters(
			'woocommerce_base_tax_rates',
			self::find_rates(
				array(
					'country'   => WC()->countries->get_base_country(),
					'state'     => WC()->countries->get_base_state(),
					'postcode'  => WC()->countries->get_base_postcode(),
					'city'      => WC()->countries->get_base_city(),
					'tax_class' => $tax_class,
				)
			),
			$tax_class
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Alias for get_base_tax_rates().
	 *
	 * @deprecated 2.3
	 * @param string $tax_class Tax Class.
	 * @return array
	 */
	public static function get_shop_base_rate( $tax_class = '' ) {
		return self::get_base_tax_rates( $tax_class );
	}

	/**
	 * Gets an array of matching shipping tax rates for a given class.
	 *
	 * @param string $tax_class Tax class to get rates for.
	 * @param object $customer Override the customer object to get their location.
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public static function get_shipping_tax_rates( $tax_class = null, $customer = null ) {
		// See if we have an explicitly set shipping tax class.
		$shipping_tax_class = get_option( 'woocommerce_shipping_tax_class' );

		if ( 'inherit' !== $shipping_tax_class ) {
			$tax_class = $shipping_tax_class;
		}

		$location          = self::get_tax_location( $tax_class, $customer );
		$matched_tax_rates = array();

		if ( 4 === count( $location ) ) {
			list( $country, $state, $postcode, $city ) = $location;

			if ( ! is_null( $tax_class ) ) {
				// This will be per item shipping.
				$matched_tax_rates = self::find_shipping_rates(
					array(
						'country'   => $country,
						'state'     => $state,
						'postcode'  => $postcode,
						'city'      => $city,
						'tax_class' => $tax_class,
					)
				);

			} elseif ( WC()->cart->get_cart() ) {

				// This will be per order shipping - loop through the order and find the highest tax class rate.
				$cart_tax_classes = WC()->cart->get_cart_item_tax_classes_for_shipping();

				// No tax classes = no taxable items.
				if ( empty( $cart_tax_classes ) ) {
					return array();
				}

				// If multiple classes are found, use the first one found unless a standard rate item is found. This will be the first listed in the 'additional tax class' section.
				if ( count( $cart_tax_classes ) > 1 && ! in_array( '', $cart_tax_classes, true ) ) {
					$tax_classes = self::get_tax_class_slugs();

					foreach ( $tax_classes as $tax_class ) {
						if ( in_array( $tax_class, $cart_tax_classes, true ) ) {
							$matched_tax_rates = self::find_shipping_rates(
								array(
									'country'   => $country,
									'state'     => $state,
									'postcode'  => $postcode,
									'city'      => $city,
									'tax_class' => $tax_class,
								)
							);
							break;
						}
					}
				} elseif ( 1 === count( $cart_tax_classes ) ) {
					// If a single tax class is found, use it.
					$matched_tax_rates = self::find_shipping_rates(
						array(
							'country'   => $country,
							'state'     => $state,
							'postcode'  => $postcode,
							'city'      => $city,
							'tax_class' => $cart_tax_classes[0],
						)
					);
				}
			}

			// Get standard rate if no taxes were found.
			if ( ! count( $matched_tax_rates ) ) {
				$matched_tax_rates = self::find_shipping_rates(
					array(
						'country'  => $country,
						'state'    => $state,
						'postcode' => $postcode,
						'city'     => $city,
					)
				);
			}
		}

		return $matched_tax_rates;
	}

	/**
	 * Return true/false depending on if a rate is a compound rate.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $key_or_rate Tax rate ID, or the db row itself in object format.
	 * @return  bool
	 */
	public static function is_compound( $key_or_rate ) {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( is_object( $key_or_rate ) ) {
			$key      = $key_or_rate->tax_rate_id;
			$compound = $key_or_rate->tax_rate_compound;
		} else {
			$key      = $key_or_rate;
			$compound = (bool) $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tax_rate_compound FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates WHERE tax_rate_id = %s", $key ) );
		}

		return (bool) apply_filters( 'woocommerce_rate_compound', $compound, $key );
	}

	/**
	 * Return a given rates label.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $key_or_rate Tax rate ID, or the db row itself in object format.
	 * @return  string
	 */
	public static function get_rate_label( $key_or_rate ) {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( is_object( $key_or_rate ) ) {
			$key       = $key_or_rate->tax_rate_id;
			$rate_name = $key_or_rate->tax_rate_name;
		} else {
			$key       = $key_or_rate;
			$rate_name = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tax_rate_name FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates WHERE tax_rate_id = %s", $key ) );
		}

		if ( ! $rate_name ) {
			$rate_name = WC()->countries->tax_or_vat();
		}

		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_rate_label', $rate_name, $key );
	}

	/**
	 * Return a given rates percent.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $key_or_rate Tax rate ID, or the db row itself in object format.
	 * @return  string
	 */
	public static function get_rate_percent( $key_or_rate ) {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( is_object( $key_or_rate ) ) {
			$key      = $key_or_rate->tax_rate_id;
			$tax_rate = $key_or_rate->tax_rate;
		} else {
			$key      = $key_or_rate;
			$tax_rate = $wpdb->get_var( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tax_rate FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates WHERE tax_rate_id = %s", $key ) );
		}

		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_rate_percent', floatval( $tax_rate ) . '%', $key );
	}

	/**
	 * Get a rates code. Code is made up of COUNTRY-STATE-NAME-Priority. E.g GB-VAT-1, US-AL-TAX-1.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $key_or_rate Tax rate ID, or the db row itself in object format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function get_rate_code( $key_or_rate ) {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( is_object( $key_or_rate ) ) {
			$key  = $key_or_rate->tax_rate_id;
			$rate = $key_or_rate;
		} else {
			$key  = $key_or_rate;
			$rate = $wpdb->get_row( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT tax_rate_country, tax_rate_state, tax_rate_name, tax_rate_priority FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates WHERE tax_rate_id = %s", $key ) );
		}

		$code_string = '';

		if ( null !== $rate ) {
			$code        = array();
			$code[]      = $rate->tax_rate_country;
			$code[]      = $rate->tax_rate_state;
			$code[]      = $rate->tax_rate_name ? $rate->tax_rate_name : 'TAX';
			$code[]      = absint( $rate->tax_rate_priority );
			$code_string = strtoupper( implode( '-', array_filter( $code ) ) );
		}

		return apply_filters( 'woocommerce_rate_code', $code_string, $key );
	}

	/**
	 * Sums a set of taxes to form a single total. Values are pre-rounded to precision from 3.6.0.
	 *
	 * @param  array $taxes Array of taxes.
	 * @return float
	 */
	public static function get_tax_total( $taxes ) {
		return array_sum( $taxes );
	}

	/**
	 * Get store tax classes.
	 *
	 * @return array Array of class names ("Reduced rate", "Zero rate", etc).
	 */
	public static function get_tax_classes() {
		return array_filter( array_map( 'trim', explode( "\n", get_option( 'woocommerce_tax_classes' ) ) ), array( __CLASS__, 'is_valid_tax_class' ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Filter out invalid tax classes.
	 *
	 * @param string $tax_class Tax class name.
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	private static function is_valid_tax_class( $tax_class ) {
		return ! empty( $tax_class ) && sanitize_title( $tax_class );
	}

	/**
	 * Get store tax classes as slugs.
	 *
	 * @since  3.0.0
	 * @return array Array of class slugs ("reduced-rate", "zero-rate", etc).
	 */
	public static function get_tax_class_slugs() {
		$cache_key = WC_Cache_Helper::get_cache_prefix( 'taxes' ) . '-slugs';
		$slugs     = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'taxes' );

		if ( ! $slugs ) {
			$slugs = array_filter( array_map( 'sanitize_title', self::get_tax_classes() ) );

			wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $slugs, 'taxes' );
		}

		return $slugs;
	}

	/**
	 * Format the city.
	 *
	 * @param  string $city Value to format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	private static function format_tax_rate_city( $city ) {
		return strtoupper( trim( $city ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Format the state.
	 *
	 * @param  string $state Value to format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	private static function format_tax_rate_state( $state ) {
		$state = strtoupper( $state );
		return ( '*' === $state ) ? '' : $state;
	}

	/**
	 * Format the country.
	 *
	 * @param  string $country Value to format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	private static function format_tax_rate_country( $country ) {
		$country = strtoupper( $country );
		return ( '*' === $country ) ? '' : $country;
	}

	/**
	 * Format the tax rate name.
	 *
	 * @param  string $name Value to format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	private static function format_tax_rate_name( $name ) {
		return $name ? $name : __( 'Tax', 'woocommerce' );
	}

	/**
	 * Format the rate.
	 *
	 * @param  float $rate Value to format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	private static function format_tax_rate( $rate ) {
		return number_format( (float) $rate, 4, '.', '' );
	}

	/**
	 * Format the priority.
	 *
	 * @param  string $priority Value to format.
	 * @return int
	 */
	private static function format_tax_rate_priority( $priority ) {
		return absint( $priority );
	}

	/**
	 * Format the class.
	 *
	 * @param  string $class Value to format.
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function format_tax_rate_class( $class ) {
		$class   = sanitize_title( $class );
		$classes = self::get_tax_class_slugs();
		if ( ! in_array( $class, $classes, true ) ) {
			$class = '';
		}
		return ( 'standard' === $class ) ? '' : $class;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare and format tax rate for DB insertion.
	 *
	 * @param  array $tax_rate Tax rate to format.
	 * @return array
	 */
	private static function prepare_tax_rate( $tax_rate ) {
		foreach ( $tax_rate as $key => $value ) {
			if ( method_exists( __CLASS__, 'format_' . $key ) ) {
				if ( 'tax_rate_state' === $key ) {
					$tax_rate[ $key ] = call_user_func( array( __CLASS__, 'format_' . $key ), sanitize_key( $value ) );
				} else {
					$tax_rate[ $key ] = call_user_func( array( __CLASS__, 'format_' . $key ), $value );
				}
			}
		}
		return $tax_rate;
	}

	/**
	 * Insert a new tax rate.
	 *
	 * Internal use only.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param  array $tax_rate Tax rate to insert.
	 * @return int tax rate id
	 */
	public static function _insert_tax_rate( $tax_rate ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$wpdb->insert( $wpdb->prefix . 'woocommerce_tax_rates', self::prepare_tax_rate( $tax_rate ) );

		$tax_rate_id = $wpdb->insert_id;

		WC_Cache_Helper::incr_cache_prefix( 'taxes' );

		do_action( 'woocommerce_tax_rate_added', $tax_rate_id, $tax_rate );

		return $tax_rate_id;
	}

	/**
	 * Get tax rate.
	 *
	 * Internal use only.
	 *
	 * @since 2.5.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $tax_rate_id Tax rate ID.
	 * @param string $output_type Type of output.
	 * @return array|object
	 */
	public static function _get_tax_rate( $tax_rate_id, $output_type = ARRAY_A ) {
		global $wpdb;

		return $wpdb->get_row(
			$wpdb->prepare(
				"
					SELECT *
					FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates
					WHERE tax_rate_id = %d
				",
				$tax_rate_id
			),
			$output_type
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Update a tax rate.
	 *
	 * Internal use only.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int   $tax_rate_id Tax rate to update.
	 * @param array $tax_rate Tax rate values.
	 */
	public static function _update_tax_rate( $tax_rate_id, $tax_rate ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$tax_rate_id = absint( $tax_rate_id );

		$wpdb->update(
			$wpdb->prefix . 'woocommerce_tax_rates',
			self::prepare_tax_rate( $tax_rate ),
			array(
				'tax_rate_id' => $tax_rate_id,
			)
		);

		WC_Cache_Helper::incr_cache_prefix( 'taxes' );

		do_action( 'woocommerce_tax_rate_updated', $tax_rate_id, $tax_rate );
	}

	/**
	 * Delete a tax rate from the database.
	 *
	 * Internal use only.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 * @param  int $tax_rate_id Tax rate to delete.
	 */
	public static function _delete_tax_rate( $tax_rate_id ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations WHERE tax_rate_id = %d;", $tax_rate_id ) );
		$wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates WHERE tax_rate_id = %d;", $tax_rate_id ) );

		WC_Cache_Helper::incr_cache_prefix( 'taxes' );

		do_action( 'woocommerce_tax_rate_deleted', $tax_rate_id );
	}

	/**
	 * Update postcodes for a tax rate in the DB.
	 *
	 * Internal use only.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $tax_rate_id Tax rate to update.
	 * @param string $postcodes String of postcodes separated by ; characters.
	 */
	public static function _update_tax_rate_postcodes( $tax_rate_id, $postcodes ) {
		if ( ! is_array( $postcodes ) ) {
			$postcodes = explode( ';', $postcodes );
		}
		// No normalization - postcodes are matched against both normal and formatted versions to support wildcards.
		foreach ( $postcodes as $key => $postcode ) {
			$postcodes[ $key ] = strtoupper( trim( str_replace( chr( 226 ) . chr( 128 ) . chr( 166 ), '...', $postcode ) ) );
		}
		self::update_tax_rate_locations( $tax_rate_id, array_diff( array_filter( $postcodes ), array( '*' ) ), 'postcode' );
	}

	/**
	 * Update cities for a tax rate in the DB.
	 *
	 * Internal use only.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $tax_rate_id Tax rate to update.
	 * @param string $cities Cities to set.
	 */
	public static function _update_tax_rate_cities( $tax_rate_id, $cities ) {
		if ( ! is_array( $cities ) ) {
			$cities = explode( ';', $cities );
		}
		$cities = array_filter( array_diff( array_map( array( __CLASS__, 'format_tax_rate_city' ), $cities ), array( '*' ) ) );

		self::update_tax_rate_locations( $tax_rate_id, $cities, 'city' );
	}

	/**
	 * Updates locations (postcode and city).
	 *
	 * Internal use only.
	 *
	 * @since 2.3.0
	 *
	 * @param int    $tax_rate_id Tax rate ID to update.
	 * @param array  $values Values to set.
	 * @param string $type Location type.
	 */
	private static function update_tax_rate_locations( $tax_rate_id, $values, $type ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$tax_rate_id = absint( $tax_rate_id );

		$wpdb->query(
			$wpdb->prepare(
				"DELETE FROM {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations WHERE tax_rate_id = %d AND location_type = %s;",
				$tax_rate_id,
				$type
			)
		);

		if ( count( $values ) > 0 ) {
			$sql = "( '" . implode( "', $tax_rate_id, '" . esc_sql( $type ) . "' ),( '", array_map( 'esc_sql', $values ) ) . "', $tax_rate_id, '" . esc_sql( $type ) . "' )";

			$wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO {$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations ( location_code, tax_rate_id, location_type ) VALUES $sql;" ); // @codingStandardsIgnoreLine.
		}

		WC_Cache_Helper::incr_cache_prefix( 'taxes' );
	}

	/**
	 * Used by admin settings page.
	 *
	 * @param string $tax_class Tax class slug.
	 *
	 * @return array|null|object
	 */
	public static function get_rates_for_tax_class( $tax_class ) {
		global $wpdb;

		// Get all the rates and locations. Snagging all at once should significantly cut down on the number of queries.
		$rates     = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT * FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rates` WHERE `tax_rate_class` = %s;", sanitize_title( $tax_class ) ) );
		$locations = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT * FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}woocommerce_tax_rate_locations`" );

		if ( ! empty( $rates ) ) {
			// Set the rates keys equal to their ids.
			$rates = array_combine( wp_list_pluck( $rates, 'tax_rate_id' ), $rates );
		}

		// Drop the locations into the rates array.
		foreach ( $locations as $location ) {
			// Don't set them for unexistent rates.
			if ( ! isset( $rates[ $location->tax_rate_id ] ) ) {
				continue;
			}
			// If the rate exists, initialize the array before appending to it.
			if ( ! isset( $rates[ $location->tax_rate_id ]->{$location->location_type} ) ) {
				$rates[ $location->tax_rate_id ]->{$location->location_type} = array();
			}
			$rates[ $location->tax_rate_id ]->{$location->location_type}[] = $location->location_code;
		}

		foreach ( $rates as $rate_id => $rate ) {
			$rates[ $rate_id ]->postcode_count = isset( $rates[ $rate_id ]->postcode ) ? count( $rates[ $rate_id ]->postcode ) : 0;
			$rates[ $rate_id ]->city_count     = isset( $rates[ $rate_id ]->city ) ? count( $rates[ $rate_id ]->city ) : 0;
		}

		$rates = self::sort_rates( $rates );

		return $rates;
	}
}
WC_Tax::init();
